Vaprisol

Generic Name: conivaptan (Intravenous route)

koe-ni-VAP-tan

Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.

• Vaprisol

Available Dosage Forms:

• Solution

Therapeutic Class: Cardiovascular Agent

Pharmacologic Class: Vasopressin Receptor Antagonist, V1a/V2

Uses For Vaprisol

Conivaptan is used to treat euvolemic hyponatremia (a condition where there is not enough sodium in your blood but with a normal blood volume). Sodium is a chemical that the body needs to be able to function well. Even if there is a normal blood volume, but with a low sodium level, it can still be a danger to your health. Conivaptan works by maintaining the right amount of sodium that the body needs .

This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription .

Before Using Vaprisol

In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered:

Allergies

Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Pediatric

Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of conivaptan in the pediatric population. Safety and efficacy have not been established .

Geriatric

Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatrics-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of conivaptan in the elderly .

Pregnancy

	Pregnancy Category	Explanation
All Trimesters	C	Animal studies have shown an adverse effect and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women OR no animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.

Breast Feeding

There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding.

Interactions with Medicines

Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are receiving this medicine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.

Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take.

• Clarithromycin


• Indinavir


• Itraconazole


• Ketoconazole


• Ritonavir

Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

• Amlodipine


• Atorvastatin


• Digoxin


• Lovastatin


• Midazolam


• Rivaroxaban


• Ruxolitinib


• Simvastatin


• Sunitinib

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.

Other Medical Problems

The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of this medicine. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:

• Hypovolemic hyponatremia (low blood sodium with low blood volume)—This medicine should NOT be used in patients with this condition .

• Heart disease (e.g., congestive heart failure)—Use with caution. This medicine may make the condition worse .

• Liver disease or


• Kidney disease—Use with caution. These conditions may increase the concentration of conivaptan in your blood .

Proper Use of Vaprisol

A nurse or other trained health professional will give you this medicine. Make sure that the infusion site be changed every 24 hours to prevent irritation. If you still have the needle placed on the same site after 24 hours, tell your doctor or nurse .

Dosing

The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.

The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.

• For injection dosage form:
  
  • For treatment of euvolemic hyponatremia:
    
    • Adults—At first, 20 milligrams (mg) administered over 30 minutes. Then, another 20 mg infused continuously for 24 hours. After the initial day of treatment, conivaptan may be given for another 1 to 3 days in a continuous infusion of 20 mg per day. All doses of conivaptan are diluted prior to injection into a vein. Your doctor may increase the dose if needed.
    
    
    • Children—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor .
    
    
  
  

Precautions While Using Vaprisol

It is important that your doctor check your progress at regular visits. This will allow your doctor to see if the medicine is working properly and to decide if you should continue to use it .

If your symptoms do not improve within a few days or if they become worse, check with your doctor .

You should not use any of the following medicines while you are using conivaptan :

• Clarithromycin (e.g., Biaxin®).


• Indinavir (e.g., Crixivan®).


• Itraconazole (e.g., Sporanox®).


• Ketoconazole (e.g., Nizoral®).


• Ritonavir (e.g., Norvir®) .

Vaprisol Side Effects

Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Check with your doctor or nurse immediately if any of the following side effects occur:

More Common

• Bleeding, blistering, burning, coldness, discoloration of skin, feeling of pressure, hives, infection, inflammation, itching, lumps, numbness, pain, rash, redness, scarring, soreness, stinging, swelling, tenderness, tingling, ulceration, or warmth at site


• bloating or swelling of face, arms, hands, lower legs, ankles, or feet


• blurred vision


• decreased urine


• dizziness


• dry mouth


• headache


• increased thirst


• irregular heartbeat


• loss of appetite


• mood changes


• muscle pain or cramps


• nausea or vomiting


• nervousness


• numbness or tingling in hands, feet, or lips


• pounding in the ears


• rapid weight gain


• seizures


• shortness of breath


• slow or fast heartbeat


• tingling of hands or feet


• unusual tiredness or weakness


• unusual weight gain or loss

Less Common

• Abdominal pain


• bladder pain


• bloody or cloudy urine


• bluish color


• change in consciousness


• changes in skin color


• chest pain


• cold sweats


• confusion


• cool pale skin


• cough


• decreased urination


• depression


• difficult, burning, or painful urination


• dizziness, faintness, or lightheadedness when getting up from a lying or sitting position suddenly


• drowsiness


• fainting


• fear


• fever or chills


• flushed, dry skin


• frequent urge to urinate


• fruit-like breath odor


• increase in amount of urine


• increase in heart rate


• increased hunger


• increased urination


• loss of consciousness


• lower back or side pain


• mental changes


• muscle spasms [tetany] or twitching


• nightmares


• pale skin


• problems in urination


• rapid breathing


• shakiness


• sleeplessness


• slurred speech


• sneezing


• sore mouth or tongue


• sore throat


• sunken eyes


• sweating


• swelling of foot or leg


• tenderness


• thirst


• tightness in chest


• trembling


• trouble sleeping


• troubled breathing with exertion


• unable to sleep


• unusual bleeding or bruising


• wheezing


• white patches in mouth and/or on tongue


• wrinkled skin

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:

More Common

• Diarrhea

Less Common

• Difficulty having a bowel movement (stool)


• flushing


• redness of skin


• unusually warm skin

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

See also: Vaprisol side effects (in more detail)

The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.

The use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products is at your sole risk. These products are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. Thomson Reuters Healthcare and Drugs.com make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the products. Additionally, THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE OPINIONS OR OTHER SERVICE OR DATA YOU MAY ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE AS A RESULT OF USE OF THE THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Thomson Reuters Healthcare does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products.

More Vaprisol resources

• Vaprisol Side Effects (in more detail)
• Vaprisol Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
• Vaprisol Drug Interactions
• Vaprisol Support Group
• 1 Review for Vaprisol - Add your own review/rating

• Vaprisol Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Vaprisol Monograph (AHFS DI)


• Vaprisol MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)


• Vaprisol Consumer Overview

Compare Vaprisol with other medications

• Euvolemic Hyponatremia
• SIADH

Alu-Tab

Generic Name: aluminum hydroxide (a LOO mi num hye DROX ide)

Brand Names: Alternagel

What is Alu-Tab (aluminum hydroxide)?

Aluminum is a naturally occurring mineral. Aluminum hydroxide is an antacid.

Aluminum hydroxide is used to treat symptoms of increased stomach acid, such as heartburn, upset stomach, sour stomach, or acid indigestion. Aluminum hydroxide is also used to reduce phosphate levels in people with certain kidney conditions.

Aluminum hydroxide may be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about Alu-Tab (aluminum hydroxide)?

Ask a doctor or pharmacist before taking this medication if you have kidney disease, kidney stones, severe constipation, if you are dehydrated, or if you drink alcohol frequently.

Do not take aluminum hydroxide for longer than 2 weeks without your doctor's advice.

Avoid taking other medications at the same time you take aluminum hydroxide. Antacids can make it harder for your body to absorb certain other drugs.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking Alu-Tab (aluminum hydroxide)?

Ask a doctor or pharmacist if it is safe for you to take this medication if you have:

• kidney disease, a history of kidney stones;


• 
  

  severe constipation;

  
  


• 
  

  if you are dehydrated; or

  
  


• 
  

  if you drink alcohol frequently.

  
  

It is not known whether aluminum hydroxide is harmful to an unborn baby. Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment. Aluminum hydroxide may pass into breast milk and could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

How should I take Alu-Tab (aluminum hydroxide)?

Use this medication exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor. Do not use it in larger amounts or for longer than recommended.

Shake the oral suspension (liquid) well just before you measure a dose. To be sure you get the correct dose, measure the liquid with a marked measuring spoon or medicine cup, not with a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one. Take this medication with a full glass (8 ounces) of water.

Aluminum hydroxide is usually taken between meals or at bedtime.

Do not take aluminum hydroxide for longer than 2 weeks without your doctor's advice. Store aluminum hydroxide at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Since antacids are usually taken as needed, you may not be on a dosing schedule. If you are taking the medication regularly, take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, wait until then to take the medicine and skip the missed dose. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.

Overdose symptoms may include severe constipation, weight loss, confusion, mood changes, or urinating less than usual or not at all.

What should I avoid while taking Alu-Tab (aluminum hydroxide)?

Avoid taking other medications at the same time you take aluminum hydroxide. Antacids can make it harder for your body to absorb certain other drugs.

Alu-Tab (aluminum hydroxide) side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Stop using the medication and call your doctor at once if you have a serious side effect such as:

• 
  

  severe stomach pain or constipation;

  
  


• 
  

  bloody, black, or tarry stools;

  
  


• 
  

  coughing up blood that looks like coffee grounds;

  
  


• 
  

  pain when you urinate;

  
  


• 
  

  extreme drowsiness; or

  
  


• 
  

  tired feeling, loss of appetite, and muscle weakness.

  
  

Less serious side effects are more likely, and you may have none at all.

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect Alu-Tab (aluminum hydroxide)?

There may be other drugs that can interact with aluminum hydroxide. Tell your doctor about all your prescription and over-the-counter medications, vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor.

More Alu-Tab resources

• Alu-Tab Side Effects (in more detail)
• Alu-Tab Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
• Alu-Tab Drug Interactions
• Alu-Tab Support Group
• 0 Reviews for Alu-Tab - Add your own review/rating

Compare Alu-Tab with other medications

• Duodenal Ulcer
• Erosive Esophagitis
• Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
• GERD
• Hyperphosphatemia
• Indigestion
• Peptic Ulcer
• Stomach Ulcer
• Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Where can I get more information?

• Your pharmacist can provide more information about aluminum hydroxide.

See also: Alu-Tab side effects (in more detail)

Novo-Cholamine

Generic Name: cholestyramine (Oral route)

koe-le-STYE-ra-meen

Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.

• Prevalite


• Questran


• Questran Light

In Canada

• Novo-Cholamine


• Novo-Cholamine Light

Available Dosage Forms:

• Powder for Suspension


• Tablet

Therapeutic Class: Antihyperlipidemic

Pharmacologic Class: Bile Acid Sequestrant

Uses For Novo-Cholamine

Cholestyramine is used to lower high cholesterol levels in the blood. This may help prevent medical problems caused by cholesterol clogging the blood vessels. Cholestyramine is also used to remove substances called bile acids from your body. With some liver problems, there is too much bile acid in your body and this can cause severe itching.

Cholestyramine works by attaching to certain substances in the intestine. Since cholestyramine is not absorbed into the body, these substances also pass out of the body without being absorbed.

Cholestyramine may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.

Cholestyramine is available only with your doctor's prescription.

Once a medicine has been approved for marketing for a certain use, experience may show that it is also useful for other medical problems. Although these uses are not included in product labeling, cholestyramine is used in certain patients with the following medical conditions:

• Digitalis glycoside overdose


• Excess oxalate in the urine

Before Using Novo-Cholamine

In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered:

Allergies

Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Pediatric

This medicine has been tested in a limited number of children. In effective doses, the medicine has not been shown to cause different side effects or problems than it does in adults.

Geriatric

Side effects may be more likely to occur in patients over 60 years of age, who are usually more sensitive to the effects of cholestyramine.

Pregnancy

	Pregnancy Category	Explanation
All Trimesters	C	Animal studies have shown an adverse effect and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women OR no animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.

Breast Feeding

Studies suggest that this medication may alter milk production or composition. If an alternative to this medication is not prescribed, you should monitor the infant for side effects and adequate milk intake.

Interactions with Medicines

Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking this medicine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.

Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

• Mycophenolate Mofetil


• Mycophenolic Acid

Using this medicine with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

• Amiodarone


• Anisindione


• Cephalexin


• Cerivastatin


• Deferasirox


• Diclofenac


• Dicumarol


• Digitoxin


• Digoxin


• Ezetimibe


• Furosemide


• Hydrochlorothiazide


• Leflunomide


• Levothyroxine


• Meloxicam


• Metronidazole


• Phenprocoumon


• Valproic Acid


• Warfarin

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.

Other Medical Problems

The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of this medicine. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:

• Bleeding problems or


• Constipation or


• Gallstones or


• Heart or blood vessel disease or


• Hemorrhoids or


• Stomach ulcer or other stomach problems or


• Underactive thyroid—Cholestyramine may make these conditions worse

• Kidney disease—There is an increased risk of developing electrolyte problems (problems in the blood)

• Phenylketonuria—Phenylalanine in aspartame is included in the sugar-free brand of cholestyramine and should be avoided. Aspartame can cause problems in people with phenylketonuria. Therefore, it is best if you avoid using the sugar-free product.

Proper Use of cholestyramine

This section provides information on the proper use of a number of products that contain cholestyramine. It may not be specific to Novo-Cholamine. Please read with care.

Take this medicine exactly as directed by your doctor. Try not to miss any doses and do not take more medicine than your doctor ordered.

This medicine should never be taken in its dry form, since it could cause you to choke. Instead, always mix as follows:

• Place the medicine in 2 ounces of any beverage and mix thoroughly. Then add an additional 2 to 4 ounces of beverage and again mix thoroughly (it will not dissolve) before drinking. After drinking all the liquid containing the medicine, rinse the glass with a little more liquid and drink that also, to make sure you get all the medicine.


• You may also mix this medicine with milk in hot or regular breakfast cereals, or in thin soups such as tomato or chicken noodle soup. Or you may add it to some pulpy fruits such as crushed pineapple, pears, peaches, or fruit cocktail.

For patients taking this medicine for high cholesterol :

• Importance of diet—Before prescribing medicine for your condition, your doctor will probably try to control your condition by prescribing a personal diet for you. Such a diet may be low in fats, sugars, and/or cholesterol. Many people are able to control their condition by carefully following their doctor's orders for proper diet and exercise. Medicine is prescribed only when additional help is needed. Follow carefully the special diet your doctor gave you, since the medicine is effective only when a schedule of diet and exercise is properly followed.


• Also, this medicine is less effective if you are greatly overweight. It may be very important for you to go on a reducing diet. However, check with your doctor before going on any diet.


• Remember that this medicine will not cure your cholesterol problem but it will help control it. Therefore, you must continue to take it as directed if you expect to lower your cholesterol level.

Dosing

The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.

The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.

• For oral dosage form (powder for oral suspension):
  
  • For high cholesterol or pruritus (itching) related to biliary obstruction:
    
    • Adults—At first, 4 grams one or two times a day before meals. Then, your doctor may increase your dose to 8 to 24 grams a day. This is divided into two to six doses.
    
    
    • Children—At first, 4 grams a day. This is divided into two doses and taken before meals. Then, your doctor may increase your dose to 8 to 24 grams a day. This is divided into two or more doses.
    
    
  
  

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.

Storage

Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.

Precautions While Using Novo-Cholamine

It is very important that your doctor check your progress at regular visits. This will allow your doctor to see if the medicine is working properly and to decide if you should continue to take it.

Do not take any other medicine unless prescribed by your doctor since cholestyramine may change the effect of other medicines.

Do not stop taking this medicine without first checking with your doctor. When you stop taking this medicine, your blood cholesterol levels may increase again. Your doctor may want you to follow a special diet to help prevent this from happening.

Novo-Cholamine Side Effects

In some animal studies, cholestyramine was found to cause tumors. It is not known whether cholestyramine causes tumors in humans.

Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:

Rare

• Black, tarry stools


• stomach pain (severe) with nausea and vomiting

Check with your doctor as soon as possible if any of the following side effects occur:

More common

• Constipation

Rare

• Loss of weight (sudden)

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:

More common

• Heartburn or indigestion


• nausea or vomiting


• stomach pain

Less common

• Belching


• bloating


• diarrhea


• dizziness


• headache

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

See also: Novo-Cholamine side effects (in more detail)

The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.

The use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products is at your sole risk. These products are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. Thomson Reuters Healthcare and Drugs.com make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the products. Additionally, THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE OPINIONS OR OTHER SERVICE OR DATA YOU MAY ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE AS A RESULT OF USE OF THE THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Thomson Reuters Healthcare does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products.

More Novo-Cholamine resources

• Novo-Cholamine Side Effects (in more detail)
• Novo-Cholamine Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
• Novo-Cholamine Drug Interactions
• Novo-Cholamine Support Group
• 11 Reviews for Novo-Cholamine - Add your own review/rating

Compare Novo-Cholamine with other medications

• Crohn's Disease
• Hyperlipoproteinemia
• Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IIa, Elevated LDL
• Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IIb, Elevated LDL VLDL
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome
• Pruritus of Partial Biliary Obstruction

Paracodol capsules

1. Name Of The Medicinal Product

Paracodol capsules

2. Qualitative And Quantitative Composition

Paracetamol	500.0 mg
Codeine Phosphate	8.0 mg

3. Pharmaceutical Form

Capsules

4. Clinical Particulars

4.1 Therapeutic Indications

For the short term treatment of acute moderate pain which is not relieved by paracetamol, ibuprofen or aspirin alone.

Treatment of acute moderate pain including:- muscular and rheumatic pains, headache, migraine, neuralgia, toothache, period pains, aches and pains.

4.2 Posology And Method Of Administration

For oral administration.

Adults:

1 - 2 capsules. If necessary, the dose may be repeated every 4 - 6 hours with a maximum of 8 capsules in 24 hours.

Elderly

No current evidence for alteration of the adult dose except where there is impaired hepatic function when dosage reduction may be necessary.

Children

Children under 12 years, not recommended.

Do not take for more than 3 days continuously without medical review.

4.3 Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to paracetamol and/or other constituents of Paracodol capsules.

4.4 Special Warnings And Precautions For Use

Keep out of the reach of children.

Warning: Do not exceed the stated dose.

If symptoms persist, consult you doctor.

An overdose of paracetamol can cause hepatic necrosis. Preparations containing paracetamol should be given with care to patients with impaired renal and liver function. The hazards of overdose are greater in those with alcoholic liver disease.

Do not take with any other paracetamol - containing products. Immediate medical advice should be sought in the event of an overdose even if you feel well because of the risk of delayed, serious liver damage.

Codeine is partially metabolised by CYP2D6. If a patient has a deficiency or is completely lacking this enzyme they will not obtain adequate analgesic effects. Estimates indicate that up to 7% of the Caucasian population may have this deficiency. However, if the patient is an ultra-rapid metaboliser there is an increased risk of developing side effects of opioid toxicity even at low doses. General symptoms of opioid toxicity include nausea, vomiting, constipation, lack of appetite and somnolence. In severe cases this may include symptoms of circulatory and respiratory depression. Estimates indicate that up to 1 to 2% of the Caucasian population may be ultra-rapid metabolisers.

The label will state:

Front of Pack

• Can cause addiction

• For three days use only

Back of Pack

• This medicine can only be used for the short term treatment of acute moderate pain when other pain killers have not worked. If you have already taken another pain killer wait at least four hours before taking this medicine. For relief from muscular and rheumatic pains, headache, migraine, neuralgia, toothache, period pain, aches and pains.

• If you need to take this medicine continuously for more than three days you should see your doctor or pharmacist

• This medicine contains codeine which can cause addiction if you take it continuously for more than three days. If you take this medicine for headaches for more than three days it can make them worse

The leaflet will state:

Headlines section (to be prominently displayed)

• This medicine can only be used for the short term treatment of acute moderate pain which is not relieved by paracetamol, ibuprofen or aspirin alone.

• You should only take this product for a maximum of three days at a time. If you need to take it for longer than three days you should see your doctor or pharmacist for advice

• This medicine contains codeine which can cause addiction if you take it continuously for more than three days. This can give you withdrawal symptoms from the medicine when you stop taking it

• If you take this medicine for headaches for more than three days it can make them worse

Section 1: What the medicine is for

• This medicine can only be used for the short term treatment of acute moderate pain which is not relieved by paracetamol, ibuprofen or aspirin alone. This includes muscular and rheumatic pains, headache, migraine, neuralgia, toothache, period pain, aches and pains.

Section 2: Before taking

• This medicine contains codeine which can cause addiction if you take it continuously for more than three days. This can give you withdrawal symptoms from the medicine when you stop taking it

• If you take a painkiller for headaches for more than three days it can make them worse

The leaflet will state in the 'Pregnancy and breast-feeding' subsection of section 2 'Before taking your medicine':

Usually it is safe to take Paracodol Capsules while breast feeding as the levels of the active ingredients of this medicine in breast milk are too low to cause your baby any problems. However, some women who are at increased risk of developing side effects at any dose may have higher levels in their breast milk. If any of the following side effects develop in you or your baby, stop taking this medicine and seek immediate medical advice: feeling sick, vomiting, constipation, decreased or lack of appetite, feeling tired or sleeping for longer than normal, and shallow or slow breathing.

Section 3: Dosage

• Do not take for more than 3 days. If you need to use this medicine for more than three days you must speak to your doctor or pharmacist

• This medicine contains codeine and can cause addiction if you take it continuously for more than three days. When you stop taking it you may get withdrawal symptoms. You should talk to your doctor or pharmacist if you think you are suffering from withdrawal symptoms.

Section 4: Side effects

• Some people may have side-effects when taking this medicine. If you have any unwanted side-effects you should seek advice from your doctor, pharmacist or other healthcare professional. Also you can help to make sure that medicines remain as safe as possible by reporting any unwanted side-effects via the internet at www.yellowcard.gov.uk; alternatively you can call Freephone 0808 100 3352 (available between 10am-2pm Monday – Friday) or fill in a paper form available from your local pharmacy.

How do I know if I am addicted?

If you take the medicine according to the instructions on the pack it is unlikely that you will become addicted to the medicine. However, if the following apply to you it is important that you talk to your doctor:

• You need to take the medicine for longer periods of time

• You need to take more than the recommended dose

• When you stop taking the medicine you feel very unwell but you feel better if you start taking the medicine again

4.5 Interaction With Other Medicinal Products And Other Forms Of Interaction

Paracetamol should be given with care to patients taking other drugs that affect the liver.

The speed of absorption of paracetamol may be increased by metoclopramide or domperidone. Concurrent use need not be avoided.

The absorption of paracetamol may possibly be reduced if cholestyramine is given at the same time, but the reduction in absorption is small if given an hour later.

The anticoagulatory effect of warfarin and other coumarins may be enhanced by prolonged regular use of paracetamol with increased risk of bleeding.

4.6 Pregnancy And Lactation

Epidemiological studies in human pregnancy have shown no ill effects due to paracetamol used in the recommended dosage, but patients should follow the advice of their doctor regarding its use.

Paracetamol is excreted in breast milk but not in a clinically significant amount. Available published data do not contraindicate breast feeding.

There is inadequate evidence of safety of codeine in pregnancy. Codeine has been used for many years without apparent ill-consequences, and animal studies have not shown any hazard.

The use of Paracodol Capsules in pregnancy is therefore acceptable if there is no safer alternative.

At normal therapeutic doses codeine and its active metabolites may be present in breast milk at very low doses and is unlikely to adversely affect the breast fed infant.

However, if the patient is an ultra-rapid metaboliser of CYP2D6, higher levels of the active metabolites may be present in breast milk and on very rare occasions may result in symptoms of opioid toxicity in the infant.

If symptoms of opioid toxicity develop in either the mother or the infant, then all codeine containing medicines should be stopped and alternative non-opioid analgesics prescribed. In severe cases consideration should be given to prescribing naloxone to reverse these effects.

4.7 Effects On Ability To Drive And Use Machines

None stated.

4.8 Undesirable Effects

Adverse effects of paracetamol are rare but hypersensitivity including skin rash may occur. There have been reports of blood dyscrasias including thrombocytopenia and agranulocytosis, but these were not necessarily causally related to paracetamol.

Codeine may sometimes cause constipation.

Regular prolonged use of codeine is known to lead to addiction and symptoms of restlessness and irritability may result when treatment is then stopped.

Prolonged use of a painkiller for headaches can make them worse.

4.9 Overdose

Codeine

The effects in overdosage will be potentiated by simultaneous ingestion of alcohol and psychotropic drugs.

Symptoms

Central nervous system depression, including respiratory depression, may develop but is unlikely to be severe unless other sedative agents have been co-ingested, including alcohol, or the overdose is very large. The pupils may be pin-point in size; nausea and vomiting are common. Hypotension and tachycardia are possible but unlikely.

Management

This should include general symptomatic and supportive measures including a clear airway and monitoring of vital signs until stable. Consider activated charcoal if an adult presents within one hour of ingestion of more than 350 mg or a child more than 5 mg/kg.

Give naloxone if coma or respiratory depression is present. Naloxone is a competitive antagonist and has a short half-life so large and repeated doses may be required in a seriously poisoned patient. Observe for at least four hours after ingestion, or eight hours if a sustained release preparation has been taken.

Paracetamol

Liver damage is possible in adults who have taken 10g or more of paracetamol. Ingestion of 5g or more of paracetamol may lead to liver damage if the patient has risk factors (see below).

Risk factors

If the patient:

a) Is on long term treatment with carbamazepine, phenobarbitone, phenytoin, primidone, rifampicin, St John's Wort or other drugs that induce liver enzymes.

Or

b) Regularly consumes ethanol in excess of recommended amounts.

Or

c) Is likely to be glutathione deplete e.g. eating disorders, cystic fibrosis, HIV infection, starvation, cachexia.

Symptoms

Symptoms of paracetamol overdosage in the first 24 hours are pallor, nausea, vomiting, anorexia and abdominal pain. Liver damage may become apparent 12 to 48 hours after ingestion. Abnormalities of glucose metabolism and metabolic acidosis may occur. In severe poisoning, hepatic failure may progress to encephalopathy, haemorrhage, hypoglycaemia, cerebral oedema, and death. Acute renal failure with acute tubular necrosis, strongly suggested by loin pain, haematuria and proteinuria, may develop even in the absence of severe liver damage. Cardiac arrhythmias and pancreatitis have been reported.

Management

Immediate treatment is essential in the management of paracetamol overdose. Despite a lack of significant early symptoms, patients should be referred to hospital urgently for immediate medical attention. Symptoms may be limited to nausea or vomiting and may not reflect the severity of overdose or the risk of organ damage. Management should be in accordance with established treatment guidelines, see BNF overdose section.

Treatment with activated charcoal should be considered if the overdose has been taken within 1 hour. Plasma paracetamol concentration should be measured at 4 hours or later after ingestion (earlier concentrations are unreliable). Treatment with N-acetylcysteine may be used up to 24 hours after ingestion of paracetamol, however, the maximum protective effect is obtained up to 8 hours post-ingestion. The effectiveness of the antidote declines sharply after this time. If required the patient should be given intravenous N-acetylcysteine, in line with the established dosage schedule. If vomiting is not a problem, oral methionine may be a suitable alternative for remote areas, outside hospital. Management of patients who present with serious hepatic dysfunction beyond 24h from ingestion should be discussed with the NPIS or a liver unit.

5. Pharmacological Properties

5.1 Pharmacodynamic Properties

Paracetamol is well known for its analgesic and antipyretic actions. Codeine phosphate is an analgesic with uses similar to those of morphine, but only with mild sedative effects, and is much less liable than morphine to produce dependence or toxic effects.

5.2 Pharmacokinetic Properties

Codeine phosphate is well absorbed after oral administration, producing peak plasma concentrations in about one hour. The plasma half-life is between 3 and 4 hours, excretion being mainly in the urine. Paracetamol is also readily absorbed after oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations occurring between 30 minutes and 2 hours after ingestion. The plasma half life varies between 1 and 4 hours. Excretion is mainly via the urine.

5.3 Preclinical Safety Data

None.

6. Pharmaceutical Particulars

6.1 List Of Excipients

Capsules contents

Pregelatinised Maize Starch

Colloidal Silicon Dioxide

Magnesium Stearate (E 572)

Capsule shell

Titanium dioxide (E 171)

Gelatin

Printing ink

Shellac (E 904)

Red Iron Oxide (E 172)

6.2 Incompatibilities

None stated.

6.3 Shelf Life

36 months.

6.4 Special Precautions For Storage

Do not store above 25 C

6.5 Nature And Contents Of Container

Blisters of white 250 micron PVC/40 gsm PVDC base with 30 micron hard temper aluminium foil lidding.

Pack sizes: 2, 10, 20, 24, 30, 32.

6.6 Special Precautions For Disposal And Other Handling

None.

Administrative Data

7. Marketing Authorisation Holder

Bayer plc

Bayer House

Strawberry Hill

Newbury, Berkshire

RG14 1JA.

Trading as Bayer plc, Consumer Care Division

8. Marketing Authorisation Number(S)

PL 00010/0339

9. Date Of First Authorisation/Renewal Of The Authorisation

30/04/1994

10. Date Of Revision Of The Text

January 2011

Transvasin Heat Spray

1. Name Of The Medicinal Product

Transvasin Heat Spray

Radian B Heat Spray

2. Qualitative And Quantitative Composition

2-Hydroxyethyl Salicylate 5% w/w

Diethylamine Salicylate 5% w/w

Methyl Nicotinate 1% w/w

For excipients, see 6.1

3. Pharmaceutical Form

Cutaneous spray, solution (Cutaneous Spray)

A pale yellow, clear liquid.

4. Clinical Particulars

4.1 Therapeutic Indications

For the symptomatic relief of muscular and rheumatic pain.

4.2 Posology And Method Of Administration

There is no difference between the dosage for adults, children or the elderly.

Shake the can well before use. Holding the can about 6 inches from the skin surface, point nozzle arrow towards painful area. Spray evenly using short bursts. There is no need to massage.

4.3 Contraindications

Do not use on children under five years of age.

The spray is for external use only.

Do not allow the spray to enter the eyes.

Do not use on skin which is inflamed or broken or where there is known hypersensitivity to salicylates or any of the other constituents of the spray.

4.4 Special Warnings And Precautions For Use

If symptoms persist consult your doctor.

Discontinue use if excessive irritation occurs.

Avoid inhalation of the spray

Caution: The Spray is flammable. Do not use near fire or flame.

Pressurised container: Protect from sunlight and do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50°C.

Keep away from the eyes, nose and other sensitive areas.

Do not pierce or burn the can, even after use.

Do not spray on a naked flame or any incandescent material.

Do not use near, and do not place the container on, polished or painted surfaces.

Keep out of the reach and sight of children.

4.5 Interaction With Other Medicinal Products And Other Forms Of Interaction

None known.

4.6 Pregnancy And Lactation

As with all medicinal compounds care should be taken when administering the product to pregnant or lactating women.

4.7 Effects On Ability To Drive And Use Machines

No or negligible influence.

4.8 Undesirable Effects

After application a slight transient erythema may develop.

Contact dermatitis has been reported for hydroxyethyl salicylate.

4.9 Overdose

Overdose is unlikely when applied externally. Ingestion of very large amounts may result in symptoms of salicylate toxicity e.g. dizziness, tinnitus, deafness, nausea, vomiting, headache and mental confusion.

5. Pharmacological Properties

5.1 Pharmacodynamic Properties

M02A C Topical products for joint and muscular pain. Preparations with salicylic acid derivatives.

The active ingredients are commonly found in topical analgesic and rubefacient preparations. 2-Hydroxyethyl Salicylate is a rubefacient as is Methyl Nicotinate and Diethylamine Salicylate is a topical analgesic for rheumatic and muscular pain.

5.2 Pharmacokinetic Properties

Methyl Nicotinate percutaneous absorption may occur dependent on the vehicle base and is via the intercellular route. There is no evidence to suggest that percutaneous absorption of the other constituents occurs to any great extent.

5.3 Preclinical Safety Data

Not applicable

6. Pharmaceutical Particulars

6.1 List Of Excipients

Isopropyl Alcohol

Butane Propellant

6.2 Incompatibilities

None known

6.3 Shelf Life

36 months.

6.4 Special Precautions For Storage

Protect from sunlight and do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50°C.

6.5 Nature And Contents Of Container

Internally lacquered, three piece, tin plate aerosol can containing 125ml or 150ml of product with a standard aerosol valve and high density polyethylene cap.

6.6 Special Precautions For Disposal And Other Handling

None stated

7. Marketing Authorisation Holder

Thornton & Ross Limited

Linthwaite

Huddersfield

West Yorkshire

HD7 5QH

United Kingdom

8. Marketing Authorisation Number(S)

PL 00240/0070

9. Date Of First Authorisation/Renewal Of The Authorisation

6 September 2002

10. Date Of Revision Of The Text

27/01/2011

Pytest

Generic Name: 14c urea (Oral route)

14C ure-EE-a

Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.

• Pytest

Available Dosage Forms:

• Capsule

Therapeutic Class: Diagnostic Agent, Helicobactor Pylori, Breath Test

Uses For Pytest

Urea C 14 is a radiopharmaceutical. It is used to diagnose stomach ulcers caused by a certain kind of bacteria known as Helicobacter pylori or H. pylori.

This agent is taken by mouth. If any H. pylori bacteria are present in the stomach, they will cause the urea C 14 to be broken down into radioactive carbon dioxide gas. When you breathe out by the mouth, the amount of radioactive carbon dioxide can be measured to see whether the bacteria are in your stomach.

This agent is a radioactive agent. However, with the small amounts in the capsule that is used for the test, the radiation your body receives is very low and is considered safe.

This agent is to be given only by or under the direct supervision of a doctor with specialized training in nuclear medicine.

Before Using Pytest

In deciding to use a diagnostic test, any risks of the test must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. Also, other things may affect test results. For this test, the following should be considered:

Allergies

Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Pediatric

The amount of radiation in this agent is very low and considered safe for children. However, be sure you have discussed with your doctor the benefit versus the risk of exposing your child to radiation.

Interactions with Medicines

Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. Tell your healthcare professional if you are taking any other prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicine.

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.

Other Medical Problems

The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of this diagnostic test. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:

• Stomach surgery—The lack of acid in the stomach may interfere with the results of this test

Proper Use of Pytest

Dosing

The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.

The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.

Precautions While Using Pytest

There are usually no special precautions to observe for radiopharmaceuticals when they are used in small amounts for diagnosis.

Pytest Side Effects

Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. This agent does not usually cause any side effects. However, if you notice any unusual effects, check with your doctor.

The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.

The use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products is at your sole risk. These products are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. Thomson Reuters Healthcare and Drugs.com make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the products. Additionally, THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE OPINIONS OR OTHER SERVICE OR DATA YOU MAY ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE AS A RESULT OF USE OF THE THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Thomson Reuters Healthcare does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products.

Actigall

Generic Name: ursodiol (ur so DY all)

Brand Names: Actigall, Urso, Urso Forte

What is Actigall (ursodiol)?

Ursodiol is a bile acid that decreases the amount of cholesterol produced by the liver and absorbed by the intestines. Ursodiol helps break down cholesterol that has formed into stones in the gallbladder. Ursodiol also increases bile flow in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.

Ursodiol is used to treat small gallstones in people who cannot have gallbladder surgery, and to prevent gallstones in overweight patients undergoing rapid weight loss. Ursodiol is also used to treat primary biliary cirrhosis.

Ursodiol is not for treating gallstones that are calcified.

Ursodiol may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about Actigall (ursodiol)?

Before taking ursodiol, tell your doctor if you are also taking cholestyramine (Questran), colestipol (Colestid), or estrogens (birth control pills or hormone replacement).

Avoid using antacids without your doctor's advice. Use only the specific type of antacid your doctor recommends. Antacids contain different medicines and some types can make it harder for your body to absorb ursodiol.

To treat gallstones, you may have to take ursodiol for several months, and not all gallstones may completely dissolve. Many people who use this medicine will develop gallstones again within 5 years after treatment with ursodiol. Talk to your doctor about your specific risks for repeated gallstones.

To be sure this medication is helping your condition, your doctor may perform ultrasound examinations of your gallbladder on a regular basis. Your liver function may also need to be tested. Do not miss any scheduled visits to your doctor.

What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking Actigall (ursodiol)?

Before using this medication, tell your doctor if you are allergic to any drugs, or if you have liver disease.

FDA pregnancy category B. This medication is not expected to be harmful to an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment. It is not known whether ursodiol passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

To treat gallstones, you may have to take ursodiol for several months, and not all gallstones may completely dissolve. Many people who use this medicine will develop gallstones again within 5 years after treatment with ursodiol. Talk to your doctor about your specific risks for repeated gallstones.

How should I take Actigall (ursodiol)?

Take this medication exactly as it was prescribed for you. Do not take the medication in larger amounts, or take it for longer than recommended by your doctor. Follow the instructions on your prescription label.

Take each dose with a full glass of water. The medication can be taken with meals unless your doctor tells you otherwise.

To be sure this medication is helping your condition, your doctor may perform ultrasound examinations of your gallbladder on a regular basis. Your liver function may also need to be tested. Do not miss any scheduled visits to your doctor.

It may take several months of taking ursodiol before your gallstones dissolve. Take this medication for the entire length of time prescribed by your doctor.

It is important to take ursodiol regularly to get the most benefit. Get your prescription refilled before you run out of medicine completely.

Store ursodiol at room temperature away from heat, moisture, and light.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the medicine at the next regularly scheduled time. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine.

An overdose of ursodiol is likely to cause diarrhea.

What should I avoid while taking Actigall (ursodiol)?

Avoid using antacids without your doctor's advice. Use only the specific type of antacid your doctor recommends. Antacids contain different medicines and some types can make it harder for your body to absorb ursodiol.

Actigall (ursodiol) side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Other less serious side effects are more likely to occur, such as:

• 
  

  fever, chills, body aches, flu symptoms;

  
  


• 
  

  stomach pain, nausea, diarrhea, constipation;

  
  


• 
  

  dizziness, tired feeling;

  
  


• 
  

  back pain;

  
  


• 
  

  runny or stuffy nose, cold symptoms; or

  
  


• 
  

  headache.

  
  

Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect Actigall (ursodiol)?

Before taking ursodiol, tell your doctor if you are using any of the following drugs:

• 
  

  cholestyramine (Questran);

  
  


• 
  

  colestipol (Colestid);

  
  


• 
  

  estrogens (birth control pills or hormone replacement); or

  
  


• 
  

  antacids that contain aluminum, such as Rolaids, Mylanta, or Maalox).

  
  

If you are using any of these drugs, you may not be able to use ursodiol or you may need dosage adjustments or special tests during treatment.

There may be other drugs not listed that can affect ursodiol. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medications you use. This includes vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start using a new medication without telling your doctor.

More Actigall resources

• Actigall Side Effects (in more detail)
• Actigall Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
• Drug Images
• Actigall Drug Interactions
• Actigall Support Group
• 0 Reviews for Actigall - Add your own review/rating

• Actigall MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)


• Actigall Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information


• Actigall Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Ursodiol Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Ursodiol Professional Patient Advice (Wolters Kluwer)


• Ursodiol Monograph (AHFS DI)


• Urso Prescribing Information (FDA)

Compare Actigall with other medications

• Biliary Cirrhosis
• Gallbladder Disease
• Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Where can I get more information?

• Your pharmacist has more information about ursodiol written for health professionals that you may read.

See also: Actigall side effects (in more detail)

Antibiotics/antineoplastics

A drug may be classified by the chemical type of the active ingredient or by the way it is used to treat a particular condition. Each drug can be classified into one or more drug classes.

Antibiotic antineoplastics are agents that have microbial origin, that is they are derived from microorganisms. The different antibiotic antineoplastic agents affect DNA replication by various cytotoxic actions. They are used as chemotherapy agents to treat many types of cancers.

See also

Medical conditions associated with antibiotics/antineoplastics:

• Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
• Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
• Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia
• Acute Myeloid Leukemia
• Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia
• Bladder Cancer
• Breast Cancer
• Breast Cancer, Adjuvant
• Cancer
• Ewing's Sarcoma
• Hairy Cell Leukemia
• Hodgkin's Lymphoma
• Hypercalcemia
• Hypercalciuria
• Kaposi's Sarcoma
• Leukemia
• Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis
• Lung Cancer
• Lymphoma
• Malignant Pleural Effusion
• Multiple Myeloma
• Multiple Sclerosis
• Neuroblastoma
• Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
• Osteoarthritis
• Osteosarcoma
• Ovarian Cancer
• Pancreatic Cancer
• Prostate Cancer
• Rhabdomyosarcoma
• Soft Tissue Sarcoma
• Solid Tumors
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma
• Stomach Cancer
• Testicular Cancer
• Thyroid Cancer
• Trophoblastic Disease
• Urinary Tract Tumors
• Wilms' Tumor

Drug List:

Adriamycin

Novantrone

Blenoxane

Cerubidine

Cosmegen

Daunoxome

Doxil

Ellence

Idamycin

Idamycin-Pfs

Mithracin

Mutamycin

Nipent

Pharmorubicin-Pfs

Valstar

Avandaryl

Pronunciation: glye-MEP-ir-ide/ROE-si-GLI-ta-zone
Generic Name: Glimepiride/Rosiglitazone
Brand Name: Avandaryl

Thiazolidinedione antidiabetics such as rosiglitazone, one of the components of Avandaryl, may cause or worsen heart failure in some patients. Tell your doctor if you have a history of heart failure. Avandaryl should not be used to treat patients who have heart failure with symptoms, or moderate to severe heart failure. You will be monitored for signs of heart failure when you start Avandaryl and if your dose increases. Contact your doctor at once if you develop symptoms of heart failure (eg, swelling of the hands, ankles, legs, or feet; shortness of breath; sudden unexplained weight gain). Your doctor may need to stop your medicine or change your dose.

Rosiglitazone may also increase the risk of a heart attack. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience chest, jaw, or arm pain; numbness of an arm or leg; sudden, severe headache, dizziness, or vomiting; sudden vision changes; or fainting.

Avandaryl is used for:

Treating type 2 diabetes in patients who are already taking rosiglitazone. It may also be used in certain patients who are unable to control their blood sugar on other diabetes medicines and, after talking with their doctor, have decided not to take pioglitazone or another medicine that contains pioglitazone. It is used along with diet and exercise.

Avandaryl is a thiazolidinedione and sulfonylurea antidiabetic combination. The thiazolidinedione works by making the cells of the body more sensitive to the insulin that you naturally produce. The sulfonylurea works by causing the pancreas to release insulin, which helps to lower blood sugar.

Do NOT use Avandaryl if:

• you are allergic to any ingredient in Avandaryl


• you have heart failure with symptoms, or moderate to severe heart failure


• you have severe liver problems (eg, yellowing of the skin or eyes), certain severe problems associated with diabetes (eg, a diabetic coma, diabetic ketoacidosis), or very high blood acid levels (acidosis)


• you have a history of liver problems, including jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), during therapy with a similar medicine called troglitazone


• you have type 1 diabetes


• you are taking bosentan


• you are using insulin

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.

Before using Avandaryl:

Some medical conditions may interact with Avandaryl. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:

• if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding


• if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement


• if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances


• if you have had a severe allergic reaction (eg, severe rash, hives, breathing difficulties, dizziness) to any other sulfonamide medicine, such as acetazolamide, celecoxib, certain diuretics (eg, hydrochlorothiazide), glipizide, probenecid, sulfamethoxazole, valdecoxib, or zonisamide


• if you have a history of kidney, thyroid, or blood vessel problems; heart problems (eg, heart failure, a heart attack); diabetic ketoacidosis; liver problems or abnormal liver function tests; anemia; a stroke; high blood acid levels; certain hormonal problems (eg, adrenal or pituitary problems, syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone [SIADH]); low blood sodium levels; a certain type of diabetic eye disease (macular edema) or other eye or vision problems; or low levels of an enzyme called glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)


• if you have stomach or bowel problems (eg, blockage, paralysis)


• if you have fluid retention or swelling problems (edema), vomiting, diarrhea, poor health or nutrition, a fever, an infection, moderate to severe burns, or brain or nervous system problems, or if you have had a recent injury


• if you drink alcohol or have a history of alcohol abuse


• if you will be having surgery


• if you take medicines for high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or heart failure, or for prevention of heart disease or a stroke

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Avandaryl. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:

• Bosentan because liver problems may occur and the effectiveness of both medicines may be decreased


• Insulin because the risk of certain heart problems (eg, a heart attack, heart failure) may be increased


• Beta-blockers (eg, propranolol) because the risk of low blood sugar may be increased. They may also hide certain signs of low blood sugar and make it more difficult to notice


• Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (eg, enalapril), anticoagulants (eg, warfarin), azole antifungals (eg, ketoconazole, miconazole), chloramphenicol, clofibrate, disopyramide, fenfluramine, fluoxetine, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) (eg, phenelzine), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (eg, ibuprofen), phenylbutazone, probenecid, quinolone antibiotics (eg, ciprofloxacin), salicylates (eg, aspirin), and sulfonamides (eg, sulfamethoxazole) because the risk of low blood sugar may be increased


• Calcium channel blockers (eg, diltiazem), corticosteroids (eg, prednisone), decongestants (eg, pseudoephedrine), diazoxide, diuretics (eg, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide), estrogens, hormonal contraceptives (eg, birth control pills), isoniazid, niacin, phenothiazines (eg, promethazine), phenytoin, rifamycins (eg, rifampin), sympathomimetics (eg, albuterol, epinephrine), or thyroid supplements (eg, levothyroxine) because they may decrease Avandaryl's effectiveness, resulting in high blood sugar


• Gemfibrozil because it may increase the risk of Avandaryl's side effects

This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Avandaryl may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.

How to use Avandaryl:

Use Avandaryl as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

• Avandaryl comes with an extra patient information sheet called a Medication Guide. Read it carefully. Read it again each time you get Avandaryl refilled.


• Take Avandaryl by mouth with breakfast or the first main meal of the day unless instructed otherwise by your doctor.


• Continue to take Avandaryl even if you feel well. Do not miss any doses.


• Taking Avandaryl at the same time each day will help you remember to take it.


• If you miss a dose of Avandaryl, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Avandaryl.

Important safety information:

• Avandaryl may cause drowsiness, dizziness, lightheadedness, or blurred vision. These effects may be worse if you take it with alcohol or certain medicines. Use Avandaryl with caution. Do not drive or perform other possibly unsafe tasks until you know how you react to it.


• Do not drink alcohol while you are taking Avandaryl; it may increase the risk of low blood sugar. Rarely, alcohol may interact with Avandaryl and cause a serious reaction with symptoms such as flushing, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, or stomach pain. Discuss any questions or concerns with your doctor.


• Proper diet and exercise are important in order to lose weight and keep it off. Follow the diet and exercise program given to you by your health care provider.


• Carry an ID card at all times that says you have diabetes. Check your blood sugar levels as directed by your doctor. If they are often higher or lower than they should be and you take Avandaryl exactly as prescribed, tell your doctor.


• Avandaryl contains rosiglitazone. It may cause or worsen heart failure in some patients. It may also increase the risk of a heart attack. Talk with your doctor about the benefits and risks of this or other therapies to treat your condition.


• It may be harder to control your blood sugar during times of stress such as fever, infection, injury, or surgery. Talk with your doctor about how to control your blood sugar if any of these occur. Do not change the dose of your medicine without checking with your doctor.


• Avandaryl may cause low blood sugar levels. Low blood sugar may be more likely to occur if you take Avandaryl along with certain other medicines for diabetes (eg, insulin). Low blood sugar may make you anxious, sweaty, weak, dizzy, drowsy, or faint. It may also make your heart beat faster; make your vision change; give you a headache, chills, or tremors; or make you more hungry. It is a good idea to carry a reliable source of glucose (eg, tablets or gel) to treat low blood sugar. If this is not available, you should eat or drink a quick source of sugar like table sugar, honey, candy, orange juice, or non-diet soda. This will raise your blood sugar level quickly. Tell your doctor right away if this happens. To prevent low blood sugar, eat meals at the same time each day and do not skip meals.


• Risk of low blood sugar may be increased by severe or prolonged exercise, drinking alcohol, or skipping meals.


• It may take 2 weeks for Avandaryl to start to lower your blood sugar. It may take up to 3 months to see the full effect of Avandaryl. Do NOT take more than the recommended dose or stop taking Avandaryl without checking with your doctor.


• Avandaryl contains a sulfonylurea. It may increase the risk of death from heart disease. Talk with your doctor about the benefits and risks of this or other therapies to treat your condition.


• Avandaryl may cause ovulation in women who have not reached menopause but do not ovulate. To avoid pregnancy, be sure to use effective birth control while using Avandaryl.


• Avandaryl may cause you to become sunburned more easily. Avoid the sun, sunlamps, or tanning booths until you know how you react to Avandaryl. Use a sunscreen or wear protective clothing if you must be outside for more than a short time.


• Tell your doctor or dentist that you take Avandaryl before you receive any medical or dental care, emergency care, or surgery.


• An increased incidence of bone fracture has been reported in women who take Avandaryl. Tell your doctor if you have a history of bone fracture, low calcium intake, or weak bones (eg, osteoporosis). Tell your doctor right away if you experience any unusual bone pain, especially in the hand, foot, or upper arm.


• Lab tests, including complete blood cell counts, fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin A _1c, liver function, kidney function, and eye exams, may be performed while you use Avandaryl. These tests may be used to monitor your condition or check for side effects. Be sure to keep all doctor and lab appointments.


• Use Avandaryl with caution in the ELDERLY; they may be more sensitive to its effects, especially the risk of heart failure or low blood sugar. Low blood sugar levels may also be more difficult to recognize in the elderly.


• Avandaryl should not be used in CHILDREN younger than 18 years; safety and effectiveness in these children have not been confirmed.


• PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: Avandaryl should not be used if you are pregnant. If you think you may be pregnant, contact your doctor. It is not known if Avandaryl is found in breast milk. Do not breast-feed while taking Avandaryl.

When used for long periods of time Avandaryl may not work as well. If your blood sugar has been under control and then becomes hard to manage, contact your doctor. Do not change the dose of your medicine without checking with your doctor.

Possible side effects of Avandaryl:

All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:

Cold-like symptoms; headache.

Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue; unusual hoarseness); blurred vision or other vision changes; chest, jaw, or arm pain or discomfort; confusion; fainting; fever, chills, or persistent sore throat; increased or painful urination; lightheadedness; menstrual changes; numbness of an arm or a leg; red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin; sudden, severe headache, vomiting, or dizziness; symptoms of heart failure (eg, shortness of breath; sudden, unexplained weight gain; swelling of the hands, ankles, legs, or feet); symptoms of liver problems (eg, dark urine, severe or persistent nausea, stomach pain, unexplained vomiting or loss of appetite, yellowing of the skin or eyes); symptoms of low blood sugar (eg, anxiety, chills, dizziness or drowsiness, fast heartbeat, headache, increased hunger, increased sweating, tremors); unusual bone pain (especially in the hand, foot, or upper arm); unusual bruising or bleeding; unusual tiredness or weakness.

This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.

See also: Avandaryl side effects (in more detail)

If OVERDOSE is suspected:

Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately. Symptoms may include coma; confusion; fainting; fast heartbeat; lethargy; lightheadedness; seizures; severe dizziness or drowsiness; tremor; unusual sweating.

Proper storage of Avandaryl:

Store Avandaryl at 77 degrees F (25 degrees C). Brief storage at temperatures between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C) is permitted. Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Avandaryl out of the reach of children and away from pets.

General information:

• If you have any questions about Avandaryl, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.


• Avandaryl is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.


• If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.


• Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Avandaryl. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

More Avandaryl resources

• Avandaryl Side Effects (in more detail)
• Avandaryl Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
• Drug Images
• Avandaryl Drug Interactions
• Avandaryl Support Group
• 0 Reviews for Avandaryl - Add your own review/rating

• Avandaryl Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Avandaryl Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information


• Avandaryl Consumer Overview

Compare Avandaryl with other medications

• Diabetes, Type 2

Boots Catarrh Cough Syrup

Boots Catarrh Cough Syrup

(Guaifenesin, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride)

120 ml e

Read all of this leaflet carefully because it contains important information for you.

• Keep this leaflet, you may need to read it again


• Ask your pharmacist if you need more information or advice


• This medicine is for minor conditions

What this medicine is for

An expectorant and decongestant to relieve the symptoms of catarrh, chesty coughs and a blocked nose.

For children, simple treatments should be tried first before you give this medicine. Further information on "Treating coughs and colds in children" is provided at the end of this leaflet.

Before you take this medicine

This medicine can be taken by adults and children of 6 years and over. However, some people should not take this medicine or should seek the advice of their pharmacist or doctor first.

Do not take:

• 
  If you are allergic to any of the ingredients


• 
  If you are allergic to other decongestants
  


• 
  If you have severe kidney problems
  


• 
  If you have heart or blood vessel disease, including poor circulation in your hands and feet


• 
  If you have high blood pressure (including that due to a tumour near your kidney)


• 
  If you have diabetes
  


• 
  If you have an overactive thyroid
  


• 
  If you have raised pressure in the eye (glaucoma)


• 
  If you are taking any of these medicines:
  
  • Monoamine oxidase inhibitors or moclobemide (for depression), or have taken them in the last 14 days
  
  
  • Medicines called beta-blockers (normally for heart problems)
  
  
  • Other decongestants
  
  
  • Other medicines to stop you coughing
  
  


• 
  If you have an intolerance to some sugars, unless your doctor tells you to (this medicine contains maltitol)


• 
  If you are a man with prostate problems
  


• 
  If you are pregnant
  

Talk to your doctor:

• If you have a long-term cough or asthma (do not take if you are wheezing or if you are having an asthma attack)

Talk to your pharmacist or doctor:

• If you have other kidney problems (see "Do not take")


• If you also have a fever, rash or constant headache


• If you are taking any of these medicines:
  
  
  • Medicines to treat high blood pressure or for heart problems (e.g. digoxin or quinidine)
  • Medicines which may cause a dry mouth (e.g. tricyclic antidepressants), or to reduce your appetite or stimulant medicines
  • Ergot alkaloids (for migraine)
  • Oxytocin (to induce labour and stop excessive bleeding after the birth)
  • If you are breastfeeding

Other important information

This medicine may interfere with the results of some urine tests. If you are having any urine tests, tell the doctor or hospital staff that you are taking this medicine.

This medicine contains maltitol liquid, which may have a mild laxative effect. Each 5 ml spoonful contains 1.3 g maltitol. This provides 3 kcal per 5 ml spoonful.

How to take this medicine

Check the seal is not broken before first use. If it is, do not take the medicine.

Adults and children of 12 years and over

Take two 5 ml spoonfuls 4 times a day

Children of 6 to 11 years

Take one 5 ml spoonful 3 times a day

This medicine should be swallowed.

Do not give to children under 6 years.

Do not take more than the amount recommended above.

Do not give to a child for more than 5 days, unless their doctor tells you to.

If a child's symptoms worsen at any time, talk to a pharmacist or doctor.

If a cough lasts for more than 5 days, or comes back, stop taking this medicine and talk to a pharmacist or doctor.

If symptoms do not go away talk to your doctor.

If you take too much: Talk to a doctor straight away.

Possible side effects

Most people will not have problems, but some may get some.

If you get any of these serious side effects, stop taking the medicine. See a doctor at once:

• Difficulty in breathing, swelling of the face, neck, tongue or throat (severe allergic reactions)

If you get any of these side effects, stop taking the medicine:

• Hallucinations


• Restlessness


• Sleep disturbances

These other effects are less serious. If they bother you talk to a pharmacist:

• Other allergic reactions such as skin rash


• Feeling sick, being sick, stomach discomfort, dry mouth, loss of appetite


• Anxiety, feelings of paranoia, irritability, feeling excited, difficulty sleeping, tremors, headache


• Fast, slow or irregular heart beat, palpitations


• High blood pressure, reduced circulation to the fingers and toes


• Difficulty in passing urine

If any side effect becomes severe, or if you notice any side effect not listed here, please tell your pharmacist or doctor.

How to store this medicine

Do not store above 30°C.

Keep all medicines out of the sight and reach of children

Use by the date on the label edge. After this date return any unused product to your nearest pharmacy for safe disposal.

What is in this medicine

Each 5 ml of oral solution contains Guaifenesin 100 mg, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride 30 mg

Also contains: glycerol (E422), purified water, maltitol liquid (E965), citric acid monohydrate, sodium citrate, hyetellose, acesulfame potassium (E950), potassium sorbate (E202), flavours (menthol, smoke, lemon oil).

Who makes this medicine

Manufactured by the Marketing Authorisation holder

The Boots Company PLC

Nottingham

NG2 3AA

PL 00014/0604

P

Leaflet prepared 8/09

If you would like any further information about this medicine, please contact

The Boots Company PLC

Nottingham

NG2 3AA

Treating coughs and colds in children

It's normal for children to get 8 or more colds in a year, however gradually they build up immunity and get fewer colds. Most colds will get better within a few days and you may not need to do more than keep your child comfortable until they get over it. Antibiotics will not help to treat a cold as they are caused by viruses and not bacteria.

Follow these simple steps, which may help your child overcome their cough or cold.

• 
  
  1. If your child is hot or has a fever:
  Increase the amount of fluid your child normally drinks. Lower their temperature with a Paracetamol or Ibuprofen medicine, which is suitable for children. (Paracetamol is not suitable for children under 2 months. Ibuprofen is not suitable for children under 3 months).
  
  
  Your pharmacist will be able to help you find a suitable product if in doubt.


• 
  
  2. For coughs:
  Although it may be distressing to hear your child cough, the coughing itself serves an important purpose. It helps to clear phlegm on the chest or mucus from the nose. Give your child plenty of lukewarm clear fluids to drink, which may help loosen the phlegm and relax the airways.


• 
  
  3. To help with breathing:
  Plain saline nose drops, available from your pharmacy, can help babies with blocked noses who are having trouble feeding.

BTC48407 vF 02/09/09